Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
D P and R in the air pulse waves [ 18 ]
Table 2.2
R ¼
D P E (kg/cm 2 )
D P A (kg/cm 2 )
R ¼
D P E (kg/cm 2 )
D P A (kg/cm 2 )
p 3 W
R
p 3 W
R
15
0.094
0.07
3.0
1.35
0.85
12
0.126
2.75
1.63
-
-
10
0.163
0.118
2.50
2.00
1.21
9
0.19
-
2.0
3.35
1.99
8
0.227
0.161
1.8
4.21
2.50
7
0.281
1.6
5.75
3.29
-
6
0.36
0.247
1.4
7.94
4.52
5
0.469
0.332
1.3
9.73
5.43
4.5
0.602
1.2
12.00
6.60
-
4.0
0.743
0.488
1.10
15.00
8.20
3.5
0.981
-
1.0
19.4
10.54
Table 2.3 Figurations and D P [ 18 ]
Explosive
D P (kg/cm 2 )
R ¼ 1 R ¼ 10
TNT Rectangular 0.23 29.9 0.094
TNT Cylinder 1.81 18.5 0.114
TNT/PETN (50/50) Cylinder 3.6 20.7 0.112
TNT/PETN (50/50) Sphere 1.71 11.9 0.124
Note T/P = TNT/PETN from the above table, it is clear that the places near explosives are
influenced by the geometries of explosives; the far away place is less influenced by it
Con guration geometry
Packed mass (kg)
The calculation uses TNT sphere as a reference, and the extension calculating of
explosion in the air. When TNT explodes,
10 3 R p
p 6
t þ ¼
1
:
5
½
W
ð
2
:
86
Þ
If the explosion is on the ground, W E =2W.
10 3 R p
p 6
t þ ¼
1
:
7
½
W
ð
2
:
87
Þ
Here, the unit of action time t + is millisecond (ms); the mass W is gram (g); the
distance R is meter (m).
The conclusions from the several hundred measurements suggest that the reac-
tion time of positive pressure shock waves from condensed explosives is generally
2
49 ms, for certain special liquid
explosives, the action time reaches 80 ms. In certain degree, the detonation velocity/
rate is lower than condensed explosives, but the impact capacity of liquid explo-
sives are higher than condensed ones.
10 ms; from the liquid explosives is 15
-
-
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