Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
the same time, but it spreads layer by layer. Under combustion, the chemical
exchange fronts shift along the media. The fronts of chemical exchange are deto-
nation fronts. On the fronts, the explosives experience the change from reactants to
products. Detonation waves are shock waves with high-speed chemical reactions. In
other words, detonation is transported through shock waves.
From detonation physics, the charging and application of liquid explosives are
not as wide as condensed explosives because liquid explosives are not compress-
ible. Liquid explosives have an elusive outstanding feature, which is that
the
reactions of detonation absorb energy
first, later release heat. The combination of
exothermicity and endothermicity complicates the chemical reactions, and results in
the parameter distribution characteristics of macrokinetics different from detonation
characteristics of general high-energy explosives.
To study the detonation of liquid explosives and its spreading/transportation,
nitromethane, nitroglycerine, diethyleneglycol dinitrate, and methyl nitrite are
designed as the objectives of liquid explosives to study the chemical dynamics and
the complex unsteady process of shock waves
combustion. These phenomena
determine the structure of detonation wave fronts and spreading limit of detonation
waves. They help to clear the
'
flow dynamics of wave fronts, and refer suggestions
for the formula of liquid explosives, study and application of equipment features.
They help to improve and perfect the detonation theory.
To simplify the study, five explosives are designed. Same amount of tetrani-
tromethane, nitroglycerine, diethyleneglycol dinitrate, methyl nitrite, and AstroliteG
(hydrazine nitrate 59 %, hydrazine perchlorate 24 %, hydrazine 10 %, and
methylamine 7 %) are initiated at exactly same conditions. At the same time, the
same inert solvents are used to dilute the above
fl
five explosives to conduct the
contrast experiments. It mainly explains the energy release of wave fronts at dif-
ferent time. First-hand information is obtained by this way. The equipment setup is
shown in Fig.
2.5
.
Fig. 2.5 Luminous
equipment setup of detonation
wave fronts from liquid
explosives. 1 Initiation toner;
2 booster; 3 plane wave
length; 4 organic glass;
5 metal pipe with liquid
explosives; 6 illuminated
mirror
