Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Water as the component material is able to not only enhance the solubility of
aliphatic amine towards hydrazine nitrate, but also reduce the shock sensitivity. In
the presence of water, the explosion power does not decrease. Generally, a rea-
sonable concentration range of 5
30 % applies to the composite liquid explosive
-
with respect to the water content.
This type of explosive is odorless. Upon a full dissolution of hydrazine nitrate,
the strongly irritating odor from hydrazines or amines would be completely
removed. This explosive is not volatile or toxic, nor is corrosive. Furthermore, its
easy to synthesize and user-friendly to use all afford compelling attributes for
industrial production and other practical utilization.
7.5 Perchloric Acid Urea Liquid Explosive
A liquid explosive made from condensed perchloric acid aqueous solution and
nitrate compounds was proposed in Japan in 1975 [
25
,
59
]. Table
7.43
shows the
component and properties for the liquid explosive that is prepared by adding nitrate
compounds to 85 % perchloric acid solution.
The best combustible agent is nitromethane for perchloric acid urea liquid
explosives as it can be mixed to form solution under any molar ratio. Different liquid
explosives become available in terms of the ratio between perchloric acid urea and
water and nitromethane. See Table
7.44
for component and explosion properties.
Nitromethane is indeed a liquid explosive of high energy output, however, its
poor initiation sensitivity leads to the dif
culty in detonation. If mixed with per-
chloric acid urea, this explosive could be detonated easier with noticeably decreased
critical diameter and increased density. All lead to better detonation velocity and
brisance.
Table 7.43 Component and property for the liquid explosive consisting of perchloric acid urea
and nitrate compounds
ˉ
/g cm
−
3
v
D
/ms
−
1
×
100
ρ
Shock sensitivity (drop
hammer: 5 kg)
Explosion rate
i
Height/cm
95CH
5
N
2
ClO
a
/5PA
1.60
6,520
0/6
50
90CH
5
N
2
ClO
5
/10PA
1.603
6,890
0/6
50
85CH
5
N
2
ClO
5
/15PA
1.609
7,370
0/6
50
90CH
5
N
2
ClO
5
/10C
6
H
3
N
2
Cl
4
1.593
5,680
0/6
50
90CH
5
N
2
ClO
5
/10CE
1.601
6,850
0/6
50
87CH
5
N
2
ClO
5
/4THT/9C
6
H
5
NO
2
1.504
5,720
0/6
50
80CH
5
N
2
ClO
5
/6PA/10TNT/4
Polyacrylamide
1.512
5,480
0/6
50
72CH
5
N
2
ClO
5
/8PA/9KNO
3
/10Si-
Fe Powder/4Polyacrylamide
1.69
6,100
0/6
50
