Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 7.40 Properties for hydrazine nitrate liquid explosives and a few other condensed
explosives
Properties
Liquid
explosive
TNT
TNT/
hexogen
40/60
Passivated hex-
ogen (9 %
paraf n)
HMX/
TNT75/
25
Density/g cm 3
1.31/
20 ° C
1.59
1.61
1.59
1.81
Detonation velocity/
ms 1
7,246
6,825
7,900
8,100
8,480
Brisance/mm (lead
block compression
test)
35.3
(half
weight)
12.5
(full
weight)
-
-
-
100 g of such liquid explosives into a plastic bottle could generate a sensitivity to
ri
e bullet impact of propellants and explosives that means no combustion and
explosion. Be noted that the detonation velocity is 7,246 m/s (
fl
= 1.31 g/cm 3 ) and
the shock sensitivity from the standard experiment with a land impact testing
machine is 0 %. The brisance is 35.3 mm according to the lead block compression
test. The characteristic parameters for hydrazine nitrate liquid explosive and other
condensed explosives are compared and tabulated in Table 7.40 .
These experimental results indicate the characteristic features for hydrazine
nitrate liquid explosive, that include the ease in production, good access to the raw
materials, and readiness for manufacturing. Such liquid explosives have both civil
and military use. Studies show that the alkaline substance generated after the
explosion would react with some toxic chemicals to break the P
ρ
H bond and trigger
the alkali catalytic hydrolysis. Such reactions are effectively a detoxication process
and therefore hydrazine nitrate liquid explosive opens a new way for decontami-
nation, that is quite unique.
-
7.4.2 Hydrazine Nitrate Liquid Explosives Containing
Hydrazine Hydrate and Aliphatic Amine
Hydrazine nitrate shows high solubility in the hydrazine hydrates aqueous solution.
Dissolving hydrazine nitrate into hydrous hydrazine hydrate can also produce liquid
explosives with good performance. For example, the liquid explosive from a
mixture of 77.8 % Hydrazine nitrate, 20.1 % hydrazine hydrate, and 2.1 % water
can achieve a high detonation velocity of 8,370 m/s at the density of 1.42 g/cm 3 .
Moreover, it is not sensitive to mechanical shock and shows good reliability and
full detonation [ 56 ]. The freezing point for this liquid explosive, however, is high
[ 57 ]. Table 7.41 compares the component and properties for some hydrazine nitrate
and hydrazine hydrate liquid explosives.
Aqueous solution of most aliphatic compounds can also dissolve hydrazine
nitrate. The mixture aqueous solution of aliphatic amine and hydrazine nitrate
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