Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
toxicity of methanol. The ef
cient way of production concerns the reaction between
nitric acid and hydrazine hydrate, that is simple but requires a salini
cation process
at low temperatures.
(1) Synthesis of Hydrazine Nitrate
Hydrazine hydrate is the key material for the preparation of this type of
explosive. Hydrazine dinitrate has to be
first prepared following the production of
hydrazine nitrate through the recrystallization of hydrazine hydrate. As shown in
Fig.
7.6
, the preparation involves nitric acid 65 % and hydrazine hydrate 50 %, of
which an equimolar mixture in methanol stirred at room temperature and ambient
pressure. Upon the reaction, the mixture is aged and
filtered before white hydrazine
dinitrate precipitation is received. Adding hydrazine hydrate 85 % then leads to the
dissolution of precipitation. Tuning the solution to a PH level of 8 can induce
recrystallization at temperatures lower than 10
°
C where white needle like or rod
like hydrazine nitrate.
The structure and properties of hydrazine nitrate agree with reported value in the
literature. The melting points for hydrazine nitrate and hydrazine dinitrate are found
to be 69
C, respectively, according the measurement with
a X-6 detector. Elemental analysis for both compounds shows the full details for
each element, as presented in Tables
7.38
and
7.39
.
Figures
7.7
and
7.8
show the corresponding infrared spectra for the hydrazine
materials.
All the above results point to the chemical and chemical structure for hydrazine
dinitrate to be H
6
N
4
O
6
and N
2
H
4
·
-
71
°
C and 116.5
-
118.5
°
2HNO
3
,
respectively, and H
5
N
3
O
3
and
N
2
H
4
·
HNO
3
for hydrazine nitrate.
(2) Production of Hydrazine Nitrate Liquid Explosives
Hydrazine nitrate represents the major component material in hydrazine nitrate
liquid explosive which is a composite explosive and its full composition consists of
Nitric acid 65%
Hydrazine Hydrate 85
Anhydrous
alcohol
RT
pH=8
AP
Hydrazine hydrate 50%
Filtration
recrystallization
Precipitation
dissolution
Hydrazine nitrate
Recycle
Fig. 7.6 Scheme for the production of hydrazine nitrate from nitric acid and hydrazine hydrate
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64
]
