Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
weakly detonated. The mixture of 70 % nitroglycerine and 30 % nitroglycerine
formyl glycerol dinitrate (w/w) was used as the additive to nitroglycerine to produce
“
dynamite
”
explosive, and its detonation performance equals to 90 % of
nitroglycerin.
The mixed explosives consisting of 75 % nitroglycerine and 25 % dinitroglyc-
erine have the same explosion heat as pure nitroglycerine. The advantages of
dinitroglycerine has insensitive shock, and the characteristic drop height is 8
10 cm
(2 kg drop hammer). The explosive reaction of dinitroglycerine can be described as
follows:
-
C
6
H
10
N
4
O
13
!
2CO
2
þ
4CO
þ
5H
2
O
þ
2N
2
þ
5564
:
7J
=
g
explosive with low freezing
point or other liquid explosives, and has better performance than chlorinated
glycerol dinitrate since its explosive products do not contain hydrogen chloride and
it is insoluble in water. The mixture of diglycerin and nitroglycerin is easy to
prepare which has the advantage of low cost of raw material. Using the mixture of
dinitroglycerine, ethylene glycol dinitrate, and other group glycol dinitrate as well
combustible agents as explosives have been applied for building and mine blasting
in many countries. The explosion performances of nitrate acid ester-based explo-
sives are given in Table
7.19
[
49
].
Dinitroglycerine can be used to produce
“
dynamite
”
Table 7.19 Explosion performances of nitrate acid ester-based explosives
Nitric acid ester
(concentration)
Additives (concentration)
Density
(g/cm
3
)
Detonation
velocity (m/s)
Nitroglycerine 60 %
Methyl nitrate 40 %
1.46
7,600
Isopropyl nitrate 60 %
Ethylene glycol dinitrate
40 %
1.28
5,970
Nitroglycerine 50 %
Ethyl nitrate 50 %
1.36
6,850
Isopropyl nitrate 50 %
Nitroglycerine isobutyl
50 %
1.34
7,130
Isopropyl nitrate 90 %
1,3-azido propane 10 %
1.12
6,920
Nitroglycerine 60 %
Nitromethane 40 %
1.44
7,330
1,2-propanediol dinitrate
60 %, nitrocellulose 8 %
Propylene oxide 20 %, alu-
minum flake 12 %
1.53
8,170
Isopropyl nitrate 50 %
1,2-ethane azide 10 %, alu-
minum powder 40 %
1.43
7,800
Nitric acid, n-butyl 60 %
Hydrogen peroxide 40 %
1.43
7,790
Ethylene glycol dinitrate 50 %
Hydrazine perchloric 50 %
1.51
8,320
Ethylene glycol dinitrate 50 %
Dimethyl carbonate of the
original 50 %
1.43
7,910
1,3-propylene glycol dinitrate
50 %
Hydrazine nitrate 40 %,
nitric acid 10 %
1.57
8,320
