Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 7.16 Water
fill lead
block expansion values
generated by different
detonators
Detonators
Water fill lead block expansion (cm)
1
190
2
225
6
460
8
590
explosive strength. For example, the water
fill lead block expansion of no. 1 det-
onator was 285 cm while the no. 8 detonator
s was 305 cm.
The detonation of nitroglycerin related to its charge configuration, experimental
results demonstrate that steel column with 5 mm thickness
'
filled with nitroglycerin
can be detonated stably by no. 1 detonator.
The explosive strength of mixture of methyl nitrate and nitroglycerine at 1:1
(w/w) is greater than the nitroglycerine only. Further experiments showed that the
mixture of 75 % methyl ester of nitric acid and 25 % 1,3-propanediol dinitrate can
produce stronger explosion using 3.0 % second aniline as the stabilizer, and the
shock wave overpressure is 1.6 times of TNT.
7.2.2 Detonation Velocity of Nitrate-Based Liquid Explosives
The detonation velocities of nitrate-based liquid explosives could vary in a wide
range. Different formulations can have different critical explosive diameters indi-
cating different detonation velocities. Taking liquid nitroglycerin as an example,
detonation velocity relates to charge diameter and con
guration. Based on the
writer
'
s studies, the detonation velocity would increase when the con
figuration
diameter increasing. For 5 mm con
guration diameter, the limitation of detonation
velocity is 920 m/s. The information of charge con
guration and detonation
velocity is given in Table
7.17
.
The emulsion formalized by nitroglycerin and water could produce a certain
detonation velocity, for example, the emulsion consisting of 100 nitroglycerin and
150 water (w/w) can be exploded by no. 8 detonator for a stable detonation. The
detonation velocities of nitroglycerin and water elusions are given in Table
7.18
.
The elusion whose ratio of nitroglycerine and water is greater than 2:1 cannot be
exploded. The detonation velocity of nitroglycerine is impacted by charge con-
cantly, and it varies under different detonation conditions. For low
detonation velocity, the reaction of nitroglycerine can be described as follows:
figuration signi
2
1
1
1
1
3
C
3
H
5
ONO
2
ð
Þ
3
!
2CO
þ
CO
2
þ
2
H
2
þ
2
N
2
O
þ
4
O
2
þ
87
:
86 kJ
Above reaction usually occurs under following conditions, e.g., unsealed
explosive device, no booster, incomplete detonation reaction, such reaction may
produce half-burst phenomenon and release a large amount of N
2
O. The reaction of
nitroglycerine without any condition above can be described as follows:
