Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
detonation, exhibiting desired explosion properties. Nitromethane has ideal
explosion properties and it can serve as a RDX carrier, however, the freezing point
of nitromethane is higher than
C. When 25 % of nitroethane is added to
nitromethane, the freezing point of resulting mixture is reduced to
30
°
68.3
°
C, per-
fectly meeting the requirement of lower than
40
°
C. The
first liquid explosive that
meets the technical speci
cations of temperature range was listed in Table 7.11 .
This explosive can be detonated directly by a detonator. When charged in small
diameters, this liquid explosive still displayed excellent initiation and detonation
properties, thus it should work effectively on wet ground and other abnormal
conditions. Because this explosive is easy to charge and meets most safety
requirements, it has become a preferred explosive [ 42 , 43 ].
7.1.1.6 Explosion Characteristics of the Liquid Explosive Composed
of Nitroalkanes and Nitrate
It was found that adding trinitroethanol orthocarbonate into nitroalkane can produce
a liquid explosive with high detonation velocity, excellent detonation properties and
remarkable ability to transmit detonation [ 44 , 45 ]. Table 7.12 showed the com-
position of liquid explosive mixture of nitroalkanes with TNEOC and TNEOF.
Because there are multiple nitro groups in the molecular structure of TNEOF and
TNEOC, they are highly explosive organic oxidants and extremely sensitive to
mechanical shock, essentially similar to PETN. TNEOF and TNEOC both have
great solubility in nitroalkanes, in which their impact sensitivity can be signi
cantly
reduced. Therefore, it appears that combining these two oxidants with nitro com-
pounds to produce liquid explosives is a clever approach.
The liquid explosives mixture of trinitroethanol orthocarbonate and nitroalkanes
have decent chemical stability, which allows them to be stored in glassware for
6 month at room temperature, or for 5 days at 60
C. In these cases, neither
decomposition nor change of explosive properties was observed. The density and
detonation velocity of such explosives are close to nitroglycerine, and they can be
detonated by No.6 detonators to afford stable detonation transmission with critical
diameter less than 4 mm. In addition, their impact sensitivity is also very low, and
°
Table 7.12 Liquid explosive mixture of nitroalkanes with TNEOC and TNEOF [ 1 ]
No
/g cm 3
v D /ms 1
ˉ
i
×
100
ρ
TNEOF
TNEOC
NM
NE
1
50
50
1.356
7,075
-
-
2
66.7
33.3
1.416
7,357
-
-
3
77.1
-
22.9
-
1.533
7,575
4
66.7
33.3
1.406
7,067
-
-
5
77.0
23.0
1.496
7,440
-
-
6
-
69.7
30.3
-
1.480
7,350
7
66.1
33.9
1.433
7,098
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