Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 7.5 Detonation properties of the mixture illustrated in Table 7.4 but containing 12 %
diethylenetriamine
Experiments
Results
Detonation velocity at 40 ° C( ˆ 228.6 mm)
6,044 m/s
Detonation velocity at ambient temperature (
ˆ
228.6 mm)
6,950 m/s
Friction and impact sensitivity at ambient temperature
Negative (no explosion)
Limiting diameter at ambient temperature
12.7 mm
Over-blasting effect at
50
°
C
Normal detonation
Over-blasting effect at
60
°
C
Normal detonation
Notably, it appears that the properties of explosive changed signi
cantly after
the content of diethylenetriamine was increased to 12 %. Speci
cally, it was found
that this explosives is able to detonate under low temperature conditions, and its
properties were shown in Table 7.5 .
7.1.1.4 Explosion Characteristics of Nitromethane Sensitized
by Amines
(A) Explosion properties of nitromethane sensitized by ammonium salts
Runge et al. [ 36 ] proposed to use ammonium salts that possess the following
molecular structure to sensitize nitromethane explosives
R 1
RCOOH . N
R 2
R 3
Here R is hydrogen or alkyl group with 1
-
4 carbon atoms; R1 and R2 are
hydrogen or alky groups with 1
5 carbon atoms, which may be the same or dif-
ferent; R3 is alkyl or aryl groups with 1 - 5 carbon atoms.
Using ammonium salts as the sensitizer for nitromethane-based explosives
appears to be an advantageous approach. First of all, ammonium salts usually are
not very toxic, thus they would not impose toxicity-related health risks on operation
staffs. Second, unlike amine sensitizers that often lead to damaged explosive
properties, the explosion properties of nitromethane with ammonium salt sensitizers
are almost the same as plain nitromethane. Detonation distance of nitromethane
with different sensitizers was shown in Table 7.6 .
Table 7.7 showed the mass fraction of liquid explosives composed of nitro-
methane and other substances. Notably,
-
the critical diameter of such mixed
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