Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
6.4.1.1 Properties of Pentaerylthritol Diazido Dinitrate
The molecular formula: C
5
H
8
N
8
O
6
The chemical structure:
CH
2
ONO
2
N
3
H
2
C
C
CH
2
N
3
CH
2
ONO
2
The molecular weight: 276.14
The oxygen balance:
46.35 % (calculated according to the production CO
2
)
The nitrogen content: 40.57 %
Physical properties: wax-like white solid with low melting point; melting point
(32
−
C); density (1.507 g/cm
3
); dissolved in chloroform; not dissolved in water
The mechanical sensitivity: impact sensitivity (50 %) with falling height 15.4 m;
friction sensitivity 4 % (25 kg, swing angle 66
°
-
34
°
)
The decomposition temperature: 179
°
C (activation energy E = 123.33 kJ/mol,
A=10
11.44
)
The combustion heat: 14,259 J/g
The standard heat of formation: 825.42 kJ/mol
The
fl
flash point: 225
°
C(5s)
The frozen point:
C.
The compatibility: good with NG, NC, polyether, and GAP
20
°
−
6.4.1.2 Preparation of Pentaerylthritol Diazido Dinitrate [
3
]
Since America
first reported the synthetic method of PDADN [
36
] in 1987, the
ve-
step processes have been used until now. These
five steps include chlorination of
pentaerythritol, cyclization, azido reaction, nitrolysis, and nitri
cation. The writer
cated pentaerythritol. The three-
step process to produce PDADA has fewer steps with high yield (up to 78.62 %). It
is easier to be applied in industry.
The three-step process uses pentaerythritol as the original materials, bromina-
tion, azidization, and nitri
first brominated, then azidized, and
finally nitri
cation to produce PDADN. Its mechanism is below.
