Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
5.4.4.1 Chemical Physical Property of 1,2,4-Butanetriol Trinitrate
1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate is a yellow transparent liquid.
Molecular formula: C
4
H
6
N
3
O
9
Chemical structure:
Two isomers: 1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate and 1,2,3-butanetriol trinitrate
CH
2
CH
ONO
2
ONO
2
CH
2
CH
2
ONO
2
CH
2
CH
ONO
2
ONO
2
CH CH
3
ONO
2
Molecular weight: 241
Oxygen balance:
13.3 %
Nitrogen content: 19.91 %
Speci
−
c weight: 1.52
Viscosity: 2.2 times to nitroglycerine
Freezing point:
C
Vapor pressure and volatility: about 1/2 of nitroglycerine
Hygroscopicity: 0.04 % in the relative humidity of 65 %
Solubility: 0.08 g/100 g water at 20
−
2.7
°
C
It is mutually soluble to diethyl ether, alcohols, ketones, and other organic
solvents. The plasticizing capacity to cellulose nitrate is similar with nitroglycerine.
The explosion heat of butanetriol trinitrate is 6,025 J/g (constant volume, vapor
water) and 5,941 J/g (constant volume,
°
C, 0.15 g/100 g water at 60
°
c volume is
840 ml/g (liquid water). The detonation point with delay period of 5 s is 230
liquid water). The speci
°
C.
The characteristic height is 58 cm for 2 kg falling weight. The chemical stability of
butanetriol trinitrate is excellent.
5.4.4.2 Preparation of 1,2,4-Butanetriol Trinitrate
The route to prepare 1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate is to adopt the process of acetylene
synthesis, as shown in the following equations:
Cu
2
C
2
HOH
2
C
CC
CH
2
OH
CH
+ 2H
2
O
CH
O
+H
2
O
H
2
SO
4
+HgSO
4
CH
2
OH
HOCH
2
C
CH
2
H
3
COH
2
CCCH
2
OH
C
O
H
2
HOCH
2
CH
2
O
CH
2
CH
2
OH
CH
2
OH
C
CH
2
HOCH
2
O
2
NO
H
2
C
CH
CH
2
ONO
2
CH
2
ONO
2
+ 3H
2
O
CH
2
O
CH
2
CH
2
OH +3HNO
3
HOCH
2
1,2,4-butanetriol is further nitrated by a mixed acid of nitric acid and sulfuric
acid to obtain the
