Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 5.38
The vapor pressure of the binary solution of nitroglycerine and glycol dinitrate
Fraction of glycol dinitrate (%)
Total vapor pressure (mmHg)
10
°
C
30
°
C
40
°
C
50
°
C
10
0.0027
0.0186
0.0433
0.1002
20
0.0051
0.0345
0.1159
0.1841
40
0.0093
0.0624
0.1475
0.3314
60
0.0137
0.0874
0.2417
0.6316
Table 5.39
Volatilization of nitroglycerine at different temperatures
Temperature (
°
C)
Volatilization amount (g)
Percentage of volatilization (%)
50
0.04
0.2
75
0.32
1.6
100
2.00
10.0
Table 5.40
The relationship
between the speci
c gravity
of nitroglycerine and
temperature
Specific gravity (g/cm
3
)
Temperature (
°
C)
4
1.614
15
1.600
25
1.590
The volume shrinkage of nitroglycerine upon freezing is 8.3 %. The speci
c
C is 1.735 g/cm
3
. Its refractive index n
2
D
gravity of the stable form at 100
°
is
1.4732.
The dielectric constant of nitroglycerine
ʵ
20
is 19.25. Its dipole moment
μ
is
shown in Table
5.41
.
The infrared spectrum of nitroglycerine is shown in Fig.
5.13
.
NO
2
(asymmetric stretching vibration): 1675, 1654, 1645 cm
−
1
NO (symmetric stretching vibration): 1293, 1276 cm
−
1
Those frequencies are formed, most likely, because of the optical isomers.
(2) Chemical properties
Nitroglycerine is easily reduced to glycerine and ammonium by reducers, such
as tin and hydrochloric acid, zinc and acetic acid, alkali metal sul
des, and
hydrogen sul
de. As the other esters, nitroglycerine can be hydrolyzed. In the
aqueous solution or alcohol solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide, nitro-
glycerine is not only hydrolyzed but also converted by oxidation-reduction reaction
to organic acids, salt nitrates, and salt nitrites. It will be reduced to glycerine by the
substances that are easily oxidized in the process of hydrolysis. If there are thi-
ophenols, nitroglycerine will be hydrolyzed by potassium hydroxide to glycerine
with diphenyl sul
de. Nitroglycerine reacting with strong reducible acid will be
quickly decomposed to glycerine and nitrogen oxide.
