Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
The solution will be then nitrated by a mixed acid of nitric acid and sulfuric acid
to form a mixture of 70 % nitroglycerine and 30 % formoxyl glycerine dinitrate.
CH
2
OCHO
CH
2
OCHO
H
2
SO
4
+HNO
2
+H
2
0
CHOH
CHONO
2
CH
2
OH
CH
2
ONO
2
The mixture can be used as an additive for nitroglycerine to produce dynamite
explosives with low freezing point. Its explosion strength is about 90 % of
nitroglycerine.
5.3.5.10 Property and Preparation of Acetyl Glycerine Dinitrate [
3
]
(1) Properties of acetyl glycerine dinitrate
Acetyl glycerine dinitrate is a liquid explosive with a low freezing point and
92 % explosion strength of nitroglycerine.
Molecular formula: C
5
H
8
N
2
O
8
Chemical structure (two isomers):
CH
2
ONO
2
CH
2
ONO
2
CHOCOCH
3
CHONO
2
CH
2
ONO
2
CH
2
OCOCH
3
Molecular weight: 169.99
Oxygen balance:
56.47 % (CO
2
-based)
Nitrogen content: 16.47 %
The commercial acetyl glycerine dinitrate with both isomers is not frozen at
−
−
C,
and an explosion heat of 2761.4 J/g. The commercial acetyl glycerine dinitrate is
more volatile than nitroglycerine, but lower than chloroglycerine dinitrate. It can be
mutually soluble with water and dissolve cellulose nitrate. Its stability is weaker
than nitroglycerine. It will be obviously decomposed at 75
20
°
C. It has a boiling point of 147
°
C under 15 mmHg, a density of 1.42 at 15
°
°
C for 24 h with a
°
release of nitrogen oxide. It starts to be decomposed at 160
C and is vigorously
decomposed at 170
C.
Acetyl glycerine dinitrate is insensitive to shock. The lead-block value is
200 cm
3
detonated by #8 detonator. The lead-block value of 92 % blasting gelatin
made by acetyl glycerine dinitrate is 145 cm
3
.
(2) Preparation of acetyl glycerine dinitrate
The preparation equipment is the same as that to prepare nitroglycerine. Acetyl
glycerine (glycerine acetate) is nitrated by anhydrous mixed acid at 10
180
°
-
15
°
C. The
-
crude product is washed and stability-treated to obtain the
final product. 100 units
of acetyl glycerine (by mass) can be converted to 159 units of acetyl glycerine
dinitrate with yield of 95 %.
