Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 5.17
The relationship between nitration temperature and the chemical stability of diethylene
glycol dinitrate
Nitration temperature (
°
C)
Composition of residue acid
(%)
Noise reduction test (min)
HNO
3
H
2
SO
4
NO
2
0
0.217
0.0053
0.0015
12
5
0.191
0.0047
0.0012
16
15
0.138
0.0025
0.0009
22
25
0.0069
0.0015
0.0004
30
5.3.2.4 Preparation of Diethylene Glycol Dinitrate [
15
]
Diethylene glycol dinitrate is prepared by a condensation reaction
rst between
glycol and a saturated solution of epoxyethane at 100
C to obtain diethylene
glycol. Diethylene glycol is then nitrated by a mixed acid of nitric acid and sulfuric
acid. After water washing and stability treatment, the product of diethylene glycol
dinitrate is obtained. The composition of the mixed acid is shown below.
°
HNO
3
50
%
H
2
SO
4
45
%
H
2
O5
%
6 and the nitration tem-
perature is 5
-
25
°
C. 100 kg diethylene glycol can produce 168.7 kg of nitrate ester
with a theoretical yield of 91.3 %.
The reaction between glycol and epoxyethane to diethylene glycol can be written
below:
The nitration coef
cient is usually in the range of 3
-
CH
2
OH
CH
2
OH
H
2
C
H
2
C
CH
2
OH
CH
2
OH
O
+
15~20atm
H
2
C
O
CH
2
The speci
cation of diethylene glycol for nitration reaction is listed in Table
5.18
.
The composition of the mixed acid in nitration reaction of diethylene glycol:
HNO
3
65
%
H
2
SO
4
35
%
The nitration reaction of diethylene glycol is performed in an open reactor,
which contains a compressed air agitator, a jacket of circulating water, a temper-
ature sensor, an explosion-proof quick-opening valve, and a water tank. The unit is
equipped with a circulating cooling system of ice-salt solution, a circulating system
of thermostatted water, an air compressor, washing vessel, and a hot water vessel.
The reactor of nitration is shown in Fig.
5.11
.
