Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fumed sulphuric acid
98% sulphuric acid
Mixed acid
Nitration and cool down
Glycol
Open nitration reactor
Water cooling system -5°C, compressed
air agitation, outlet of 3 m
3
, reaction
temperature<15°C, stirring another 15
min after reaction, stand for 30 min.
Washing vessel
Water-washing three times to weak
acidity, 1.5% sodium carbonate
solution washing to weak basicity,
water-washing to neutral
Addition of anhydrous
magnesium sulfate to product
after washing, storage avoiding
light
Product
Waste
water
Product
Waste
acid
Waste acid treatment
Waste water treatment
Fig. 5.9
Process diagram of glycol dinitrate production
Table 5.16
A list of eutectic mixture formed by diethylene glycol dinitrate and nitro aromatics
Nitro aromatics
Eutectic mixture
Stable
Unstable
Fraction of nitro
aromatics (%)
Melting
point (
°
C)
Fraction of nitro
aromatics (%)
Melting
point (
°
C)
−
13.2
−
1.4
Dinitrobenzene
8.0
11.5
Trinitrobenzene
17.0
−
15.5
20.5
−
3.0
Dinitrobenzene
naphthalene
19.0
−
11.2
25.0
−
1.5
Diethylene glycol dinitrate has two crystalline forms, stable form melted at 2
°
C
and unstable form with melting point of
−
10.9
°
C. It is an oily liquid at 20
°
C with
density of 1.385 g/cm
3
, boiling point of 160
°
C, decomposition temperature of
160
°
C, and refractive index of 1.4517 (20
°
C). Its vapor pressure is 0.0036 mmHg
C is 0.19 mg/cm
3
h.
Diethylene glycol dinitrate can be mutually soluble with nitro aromatics to form
eutectic mixture, as shown in Table
5.16
.
Diethylene glycol dinitrate is soluble in some organic solvents. It is hardly
soluble in ethanol, carbon tetrachloride, and carbon disul
at 20
°
C and 0.130 mmHg at 60
°
C. Its volatility at 60
°
de. Its solubility in 100 g
water is as small as 0.40 g at 25
C.
The viscosity of diethylene glycol dinitrate, about 8.1 centipoises at 20
°
C and 0.46 g at 60
°
C, is
lower than glycerine. Its dissolving capacity to collodion is strong and it is an
excellent energetic solvent and resource for double-base propellants.
°
