Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
yield. The yield was signi
cantly improved and the pollution of waste acids was
reduced.
The writer [ 15 , 57 ] addressed a method to prepare n-propyl nitrate. In a reactor, a
mixture of 68 % nitric acid and urea was added to vapor temperature of 98
°
C. At
the moment, the temperature of the liquid surface was 112
°
C and the temperature
of the oil bath was 142
C. The 68 % nitric acid solution and the n-propyl alcohol
solution with water and 5 % urea were dropwisely added into the reactor. At the
beginning of the addition, the temperature of the distillates was 98
°
106
°
C. In the
-
steady state, the vapor temperature was 102
104
°
C with the temperatures of liquid
-
surface of 110
finished in 90 min
and the reactor was kept warm for another 15 min. The crude products with yield of
89 % was successively water-washed and alkaline-washed (1.5 % sodium car-
bonate) to pH 7 and oil-water separation. Anhydrous magnesium sulfate was added
to the oil part for 24 h. After
°
C and the oil bath of 145
°
C. The addition was
filtration, the crude product was then recti
ed and the
final product was obtained from the cut of 109.5
-
110.5
°
C with a yield of 86.3 %
and purity of 99.62 %.
5.2.4 Property and Preparation of Isopropyl Nitrate
Isopropyl nitrate, also called as isopropanol nitrate ester, is an isomer of n-propyl
nitrate and one of the most extensively used monobasic alcohol nitrates.
5.2.4.1 Chemical - Physical Property of Isopropyl Nitrate
Molecular formula: C 3 H 7 NO 3
Chemical structure:
H
H 3 C
C
CH 3
ONO 2
Molecular weight: 105.09
Oxygen balance:
99.0 % (CO 2 -based)
Nitrogen content: 13.33 %
Boiling point: 101
102
°
C
-
5.2.4.2 Preparation of Isopropyl Nitrate
The preparation method of isopropyl nitrate is different from that of n-propyl
nitrate. Because of the boiling point, the relative density of 1.036, and the
secondary hydroxyl groups, the direct nitration is relatively dif
cult. In the early
literatures,
it was believed that
isopropyl nitrate only can be obtained from
Search WWH ::




Custom Search