Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
agents, oil additives, cement accelerators. Partial reduction of m-dinitrobenzene
with NaS can give nitroaniline as well. It can also be Orange-base R of dye, which
is the intermediate of organic dyes and pigments.
4.6.1.3 Toxicity
LD50: 489 mg/kg (rat oral); 2,100 mg/kg (rat skin); 150 mg/kg (the minimum lethal
dose of dog intravenous); 200 mg/kg person (the minimum toxic dose of female
oral, hematologic toxicity); 5 mg/kg, (the minimum toxic dose for unpleasantness,
human oral). It has mutagenic and reproductive toxicity.
4.6.1.4 Method for Storage
Nitrobenzene should be sealed and stored in a cool dark environment, while far
away from
re.
4.6.2 Properties of o-Nitrotoluene
4.6.2.1 Properties of o-Nitrotoluene
Molecular formula: C
7
H
7
NO
2
NO
2
CH
3
Structure:
Oxygen balance:
180.8 % (calculated according to the produced CO
2
)
Content of nitrogen: 10.21 %
−
flammable liquid, insoluble in water, soluble in chlo-
roform and benzene, miscible with alcohol and ether, and can be evaporated with
water, with melting point of
o-Nitrotoluene is yellow
fl
9.5
°
C, boiling point of 221.7
°
C, relative density of
−
1.163 (20
°
C), refractive index of 1.5474,
fl
flash point of 106
°
C and lighting point of
420
°
C.
4.6.2.2 Preparation of o-Nitrotoluene
Nitration of toluene with mixed acid gives mixed nitrotoluenes, which are mainly o-
nitrotoluene (about two thirds) and p-nitrotoluene (about one third); the pure
chemicals can be obtained through separation. After toluene is added to a reactor
and cooled to 25
°
C, the previously mixed acids were added (25
-
30 % of nitric
acid, 55
-
58 % of sulfuric acid and 20
-
21 % of water) and the temperature adjusted
to less than 50
°
C. After 1
-
2 h of stirring and then 6 h of static storage, the
