Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
2-Methyl-2-nitro-1-propanol is a colorless liquid with a strong combustion
performance. When it is combusted under con
ned conditions, an explosion will
occur. It density is 1.135 g/cm
3
with melting point of
1
°
C, boiling point of
−
204.4
°
C (760 mmHg),
fl
flash point of 92.1
°
C, vapor pressure of 0.0634 mmHg
(25
°
C) and refractive index of 1.553.
4.6 Liquid Nitro Aromatic Compounds
4.6.1 Properties and Preparation of Nitrobenzene
Nitrobene is also known as secret spot oil, almond oil.
4.6.1.1 Properties of Nitrobenzene
Molecular formula: C
6
H
5
NO
2
NO
2
Structure:
Molecular weight: 123.11
Oxygen balance:
162.5 % (calculated according to the produced CO
2
)
Content of nitrogen: 11.37 %
−
flavor. It is insoluble in
water with a density larger than water, and soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene and
oil. In the case of
Nitrobenzene is pale yellow liquid with a bitter almond
fl
fire, it will be burnt and explode after the heat at high temperature,
and can reacts violently with nitric acid. The relative density is 1.205 (15
°
C) with
melting point of 5.7
°
C, boiling point of 210.9
°
C,
fl
flash point of 87.78
°
C, ignition
point of 482.22
°
C, vapor density of 4.25 and vapor pressure of 0.13 kPa (1 mmHg,
44.4
°
C).
4.6.1.2 Applications of Nitrobenzene
Nitrobenzene is an important basic organic intermediates. Sulfonation of nitro-
benzene with sulfur trioxide gives m-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid, which can be used
to produce dye intermediates, mild oxidants, resist salt S, and dye and medicine
intermediates. Chlori
cation of nitrobenzene gives m-nitrochlorobenzene, which is
widely used in the production of dye and pesticide, and m-chloroaniline can be
obtained after reduction. Dye orange-base GC is also intermediate of pharmaceu-
ticals, pesticides,
fl
fluorescent brighteners and organic pigments. The further nitri-
fication of nitrobenzene can give m-dinitrobenzene, and m-phenylenediamine can
be obtained after reduction, which can be used as dye intermediates, epoxy curing
