Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
4.4.2 Properties of Fluorotrinitromethane
4.4.2.1 Properties of Fluorotrinitromethane
The
fl
fluorotrinitromethane is also known as trinitro
fl
uoromethane.
Molecular formula: CN
3
O
6
F
NO
2
Structure:
O
2
N
C
F
NO
2
Molecular weight: 169.0
Content of nitrogen: 25 %
Oxygen balance: 37.9 % (calculated according to the produced CO
2
)
Fluorotrinitromethane is a colorless liquid with a relative density of 1.785,
melting point of
29
°
C, and boiling point of 84.2
°
C.
−
4.4.2.2 Thermal and Explosive Properties of Fluorotrinitromethane [
23
]
Standard heat of formation:
220.70 kJ/mol or
1305.92 J/g
−
−
Heat of Combustion:
3336.74 kJ/mol or
19744.02 J/g.
−
−
4.5 Nitroalcohol
Among derivatives of nitroalkanes, nitro alcohol is one of the important com-
pounds. Since the nitro-alcohol is suitable solvents for a variety of cellulose ester,
polyacrylonitrile, and their copolymers and aminoplast modi
er, it is widely used
[
33
]. Among nitro alcohols, 2-nitroethanol, 2-methyl-2-nitro-1-propanol and 2-
nitro-1-propanol are the most widely used ones. 2,2-Dinitro, namely, gem-dinitro, is
a class of characteristic energetic group, and gem-dinitro compounds have moderate
energy with suitable stability and are important liquid explosives, also are important
intermediates of energetic plasticizers and energetic adhesives of propellant com-
ponents [
34
,
35
]. The typical liquid dinitro alcohol compounds is 2,2-nitro-1-pro-
panol (DNPOH); it is not only the important intermediate material to synthesize
energetic plasticizer BDNPF/A (bis-2,2-dinitropropanol formaldehyde/bis-2,2-di-
nitropropanol acetal); and it is a variety of key intermediate of nitro explosives and
propellant components. DNPOH, as a nitrosating agent, can nitrosate morpholine
into nitrosomorpholine [
36
].
The preparation of nitroalkane is very dif
cult to prepare
nitro alcohols. In most of the early nitroalcohol preparation methods, oxidation
nitration method was used to obtain the target products, DNPOH [
37
,
38
] was also
produced with oxidation nitration method and chlorination nitration method [
39
].
Disadvantages of these nitro alcohol preparation methods is: The oxidized nitration
cult, and it is more dif
