Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
diluted basic solution, washed with water and dried over anhydrous sulfate. 16 g of
product is obtained with a yield of 65 %.
4.3.4.5 Toxicity of Tetranitromethane
Tetranitromethane is highly toxic, its vapor has a similar smell of nitrogen dioxide
with a strong irritant to mucosal tissues (such as the eyes, nose, upper respiratory
tract). With a small amount of tetranitromethane vapor inhaled, the initial poisoning
symptom is the increase of salivation, and then upper respiratory tract irritation.
Chronic poisoning symptom is headache, weight loss, lethargy, slower pulse, the
formation of methemoglobin and damage on the body circulation. Long-term
exposure to tetranitromethane can damage the central nervous system and heart, and
sometimes also cause anemia.
4.3.4.6 Storage and Transportation Conditions of Tetranitromethane
Tetranitromethane should be stored in a cool and well-ventilated place, should be
isolated from oxidants, is toxic, should not be transported with the storage tank and
be transported and stored according to the standard of toxic and flammable materials.
4.3.5 Properties of Nitroethane
4.3.5.1 Properties of Nitroethane [
23
]
Molecular formula: C
2
H
5
NO
2
H
H
Structure:
H
C
C
NO
2
H
H
Molecular weight: 75.07
Oxygen balance:
95.9 % (according to the produced CO
2
)
Content of nitrogen: 19 %
−
Nitroethane is colorless transparent liquid with a relative density of 1.05, melting
point of
C (open
cup), refractive index of 1.3719. It is insoluble in water, and miscible with acetic
acid, ethyl ether, chloroform and basic solution.
89.52
°
C, boiling point of 114
115
°
C,
fl
flash point of 40
41
°
−
-
-
4.3.5.2 Thermal and Explosion Properties of Nitroethane
Standard heat of formation:
143.93 kJ/mol or
1917.28 J/g
−
−
Heat of Combustion:
1362.35 kJ/mol or
18147.68 J/g
−
−
