Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
product. Nitroalkane, in the presence of boron tri
fl
uoride, reacts with potassium
acetate to form the corresponding acetate [
22
].
O
BF
3
CH
3
NO
2
+(CH
3
CO)
2
O
CH
3
C
OCH
3
And a secondary nitroalkane reacts with aqueous solution of sodium azide and
concentrated sulfuric acid to form an amide. The product from nitrocyclohexane is
caprolactam with conversion of 59
86 %.
-
4.2.3 Explosion Properties of Liquid Nitro Compounds
In general, the lower nitro aromatic compound only is
flammable and not explosive.
Only nitro aromatic compounds with two or more nitro groups are explosive, and
the explosive capability increases the increase of the number of nitro groups; the
explosive capability is weakened with the increase of the number of carbon atoms
in nitro aliphatic compounds; with the increase of nitro number on the same carbon
atom, explosive capability is increased dramatically.
Mechanical sensitivity of the liquid aromatic nitro compounds is very lower and
increased with the increase of the number nitro; mechanical sensitivity of liquid
nitro aliphatic compound is decreased with the increase of carbon atoms, and the
mechanical sensitivity is dramatically increased with the increase of nitro group
number on the same carbon atom; for example, in nitromethane, its explosion limit
is 7.3 % (volume) and its impact sensitivity is 0
fl
8 % (hammer is 10 kg and
characteristic drop height is 50 cm); mechanical sensitivity of nitro alcohol is lower
than that of nitroalkane and aromatic nitro compounds.
-
4.3 Liquid Aliphatic Nitro Compounds
The simplest aliphatic nitro compound is nitromethane. Liquid aliphatic nitro
compounds also include nitroalkanes including multi nitro groups and carbon
atoms.
4.3.1 Properties and Preparation of Nitromethane
4.3.1.1 Properties of Nitromethane [
23
]
Formula: CH
3
NO
2
H
Structure:
H
C
NO
2
