Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3.14 Comparison of experimental explosion velocities of several liquid explosives to their
calculated values
Formula
ρ
(g cm
−
3
)
v
D
(calcu-
lated) (m s
−
1
)
v
D
(experimental)
(m s
−
1
)
The relative
error
×
100
1
75C(NO
2
)
4
(98 %)/
25C
6
H
5
NO
2
(95 %)
1.47
7,698
7,510
+2.5
2
72HNO
3
(98 %)/
28C
6
H
5
NO
2
1.40
7,335
7,300
+0.48
3
65H
5
N
3
O
3
/5N
2
H
4
/
8NH
2
CH
3
/22H
2
O
1.28
7,220
7,280
−
0.79
4
80H
5
N
3
O
3
/
20N
2
H
4
·
H
2
O
1.421
8,542
8,491
+0.60
5
77TNEOF/
23C
2
H
5
NO
2
1.496
7,421
7,440
0.25
−
6
77.1TNEOF/
22.9C
2
H
5
NO
2
1.533
7,544
7,545
−
0.40
7
69.7TNEOC/
30.3CH
3
NO
2
1.480
7,324
7,350
0.35
−
3.3 Design on the Uniformity and Stability of Liquid
Explosives
Although the liquid explosives are multicomponent mixture systems, they have
good component uniformity and density consistency. And the solution-type liquid
explosive is an intermolecular mixed explosive with the uniformity of pure solution.
Although another liquid explosive with suspended solid particles has not uniformity
as the former does, it also has relatively good uniformity in components and
density, and physical stability of the system.
3.3.1 Solution-Type Liquid Explosives
In the design of solution-type liquid explosives, miscibility among all components
should be considered specially, and solubility data of all main components in the
desired operating temperature range should be obtained
first. If the component ratio,
determined according to solubility, does not meet the requirements of zero oxygen
balance within this temperature range, additives should be considered. For example,
in the hydrazine nitrate
-
hydrazine system, adding a certain proportion of ammonia
can signi
cantly reduce the freezing point of the mixture system because ammonia
is the freezing inhibitor in this system to enlarge the temperature range of hydrazine
nitrate
hydrazine liquid solution. In some liquid explosives, water can play a very
good role as solvent. In the liquid explosive with hydrazine nitrate and aliphatic
amines as the main components, a small amount of water in the components can
-
