Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
or
890
C
t
¼
3163
273
¼
2
;
3.2.3.2 In
uence Factors and Ways of Explosion Temperature
of Explosives
fl
According to the actual needs of application, the explosion temperature of the
explosive need be adjusted usually.
The general equation to calculate explosion temperature is
Q
v
C
v
¼
Q
t explosion production
Q
t explosive
C
v
t
¼
ð
3
:
27
Þ
where,
Q
t explosion production
the sum of formation heat of explosion products, and
Q
t explosive
the formation heat of explosive.
According to Eq.
3.24
, in order to increase the explosion temperature t, you need
to (1) increase the formation heat of explosion products Q
t explosion production
, (2)
reduce the formation heat of explosive itself Q
t explosive
, and (3) reduce the thermal
capacity of explosion products. The
first two are to increase explosion heat, such as
adjusting the oxygen balance to complete oxidization to produce large amounts of
CO
2
and H
2
O with relatively large formation heat, or adding some metal powders
with high thermal value. In liquid explosives, the addition of hydrazines and
increasing the amount of the oxidizer urea perchlorate are effective ways to increase
the explosion temperature. When the heat was increased, we must take into account
whether the thermal capacity of explosion products can be increased or not.
Thermal capacities of CO
2
and H
2
O (gas) are larger than that of two-atom gas.
Thus, speci
c conditions should be considered in the calculation, otherwise, the
desired effect cannot be obtained. Therefore, when the explosion temperature is
increased, the combined effect of these three factors should fully be taken into
account at the same time.
The addition of metal powders with a high thermal value, such as aluminum,
magnesium, titanium, boron, etc. Because the formation heats of their explosion
products are relatively large and their thermal capacities are not increased very
much, their addition is bene
cial to the increase of explosion temperature.
Metal powders and hydrogen can signi
cantly improve the explosion tempera-
ture with the typical reaction as:
2Al
þ
1
:
5O
2
¼
Al
2
O
3
þ
1669
:
42 kJ
;
C
v
¼
125
:
52 J 3
ð
;
000 K
Þ:
