Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
5
2
Q
0
1
;
2
¼
Q
0
1
;
3
Q
0
2
;
3
¼
94
:
5
3
þ
68
:
4
364
:
7
¼
454
:
5
364
:
7
¼
375
:
72 kJ
=
mol
3.2.3 Design of Explosion Temperature of Explosive
3.2.3.1 Explosion Temperature of Explosive
The highest temperature of explosion products heated by the explosion energy is
the explosion temperature, which is an important characteristic factor of explosive.
Because temperature change is extremely fast and high and can be up to several
thousand degrees during the explosion, calculation of explosion temperature the-
oretically would have a very important practical signi
cance in the formulation
design of explosive.
Measuring method of explosion temperature is to determine the color temper-
atures of instant explosion products. The spectra are used to study the distribution
of energy in the spectra, and this energy distribution is compared with that in
absolute blackbody spectrum to obtain explosion temperature data. However,
because the actual radiator explosion product is not an ideal blackbody, the cal-
culated temperature is called color temperature, and this color temperature is
generally slightly higher than the actual temperature. And measured explosion
temperatures of some explosives are listed in Table
3.10
.
Theoretical calculation of explosion temperature:
The application of explosives has certain requirements. For example, combust-
ing agents are required to have higher combustion temperatures, and mining
explosives are required to have lower explosion temperature that guarantees to
avoid
firedamp explosion accidents during the mine explosion.
In order to simplify the theoretical calculation of explosion temperature, the
following three assumptions are made
first and these assumptions, whether in
theory or in practice, are allowed and do not cause large deviation in the calculation.
These assumptions are
a.
the explosion is approximately regarded as a constant-volume process,
b.
the explosion process is adiabatic, all of the released heat from explosion is used
to heat the explosion products,
Table 3.10 Measured explosion temperatures of several explosives
Explosive
Nitroglycerine
RDX
PETN
TNT
Tetryl
Density (g/cm
3
)
1.6
1.79
1.77
-
-
Explosion temperature (K)
4,000
3,700
4,200
3,010
3,700
