Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
With J/g as the unit, constant-volume explosion heat of Amatol is the following:
4748
:
38
1000
Q
v
¼
227
4183
:
56 J
=
g
:
þ
11
35
80
3.2.1.2 Factors Affecting Explosion Heat
(1) Effect of charging density
Explosion heat is different with different explosive charging density. And the
in
cant,
such as picric acid, tetryl, nitromethane/kerosene. With explosives having zero or
positive oxygen balance, no increase of explosion heat was observed with the
increase of charging density though in a strong enclosure, such as PTEN, EG, nitric
acid/nitrobenzene, nitric acid/o-ethylbenzene, etc., because dissociation rates of
explosion products (CO
2
and H
2
O) of oxygen-zero explosive or oxygen-positive
explosive are relatively small, and the momentary secondary reaction during the
explosion is relatively small too or almost does not exist.
fl
uence of charging density of oxygen-negative explosive is relatively signi
2CO
CO
2
þ
C
þ
172
:
38 kJ
CO
þ
H
2
H
2
O
þ
C
þ
131
:
38 kJ
However, the explosion pressure of oxygen-negative explosive would be
increased with the increase of the density; thus, the above-mentioned two secondary
reaction equilibriums are moved to the right, leading the volume reduce of gaseous
products and increase of the relative amount of CO
2
, thus leading the increase of
explosion heat. The in
uence of charging density of condensed explosive on
explosion heat was shown in Table
3.5
.
(2) In
fl
uence of the shell
Experiments showed that, when oxygen-negative explosive were detonated in
high-density and strong shell, its explosion heat was increased signi
fl
cantly. For
example, as shown in Table
3.6
, when the TNT is charged and detonated in a brass
shell, the released energy is 25 % than that within a thin glass shell.
However, the impact of shell was not very signi
cant on the explosion heat of
explosives with low negative oxygen balance, positive oxygen balance, and zero
oxygen balance.
With a certain explosive charging density, explosion heat was also increased if
the shell thickness was increased. While its thickness reached to a certain value, the
explosion value reached its limit without any further increase. For example, in the
brass shell with a thickness of 3
4 mm, the limit was reached. With the maximum
charging density, the increase of shell thickness and the corresponding prolonged
residence time of explosion products under high pressure at high temperature no
longer had any effect on the explosion heat. Therefore, the explosion heat can be
-
