Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
explosive also in
uences the production of toxic gas. Less CO and NO is produced
if the compositions are mixed completely.
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2.5.3 Countermeasures to Reduce the Toxicity of Liquid
Explosive
Based on above factors of poisonous/toxic staff production, there are several
methods to reduce the toxicity of liquid explosive. First is to control the emission of
liquid explosive into earth and water to reduce the direct pollution and damage,
while to reduce the production of large amount of poisonous gases, the oxygen
balance, posttreatment and demolishing of liquid explosive are in full consideration.
Such as, increasing and making sure enough ignition energy makes explosive to
reach a stable detonation and react completely. High-power explosives with proper
sensitivity are used as initiators, which is very important for explosives with lower
sensitivity. Reasonable explosive charging geometries, waterproo
ng work of
blasting supply, making sure the quality of charging and staff, and voiding half-
explosion and de
agration all help to reduce the toxicity of explosion to the
environment. Explosion produces an environment with high temperature and high
pressure. Under these conditions, the mist (water in the air) reacts with CO to
generate CO
2
and H
2
, which effectively lowers the concentration of CO in blasting
fame. Some nitrogen oxides are freely soluble in water, which reduces the emission
of NO
x
. In the application of explosives (e.g., rock mining), auto water spray helps
to precipitate dust, and at the same time decreases the emission of poisonous gases,
and lower down the toxicity of blasting fume.
fl
References
1. Williams FA (1985) Combustion theory: the fundamental theory of chemically reacting
fl
ow
systems, 2nd edn. Benjamin, Menlo Park
2. Feng C (1992) The thermal explosion theory. Beijing
3. Zeng X, Wang F, Fang W et al (2009) Research on pyrolysis mechanism of nitrates. J At Mol
Phys 26(05):962
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968
4. Liu J (1994) Pressure detonation and application research of explosives under passivation.
National University of Defense Technology, Changsha
5. Xue H, Liu J (1993) Study on undervoltage detonation. In: The annual meeting of detonation
society, Shanhaiguan
6. Zel
dovich YB, Kompaneets SA (1955) Theory of detonation. Academic Press, Moscow
7. Dremin AN, Savrov SD, Trofimov VS et al (1970) Detonation waves in condensed medium,
Moscow
8. Bdzil JB, Davis W (1975) Time-dependent detonations. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
Report, LA-5926-MS
9. Von Neumann J (1942) Theory of detonation waves. Pergamon Press, New York
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