Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
2.5 Toxic Gas Production of Liquid Explosives in Explosion
2.5.1 Toxicity of Liquid Explosives
In the past more than 100 years, the application of explosives reached the extreme,
in both amount and variety. Before the potential impact of explosives for envi-
ronment was understood, the explosives and raw materials had already been dis-
carded everywhere, and it caused the serious pollution of water and earth. The
pollution makes people
s health in potential remedies. And the direct discharge of
explosion products endangered the environment and human health in some degree.
Liquid explosives have a problem to poisonousness and pollution. The hazards of
liquid explosives include two parts: the damage of explosion products and danger
of explosive remnants to the environment and human. The two parts have their own
hazardous substances and damage mechanisms separately. The detonation of liquid
explosives generates complex explosion products, which endanger the environment
and human. The complexity of liquid explosives in detonation makes the damage
unpredictable and dif
'
cult to assess. The damages for environment and human are
potential risks, which have not gained enough attention. If the liquid explosives are
discharged into water, their components (such as nitric acid, hydrazine nitrate,
nitrate ether, alkyl nitrate, aromatic nitro compounds, etc.) cause the water pollution
in high levels. Mutagenicity of human organs is one of the invisible damages of
liquid explosives
Take the pollution and damage of aromatic nitro compounds as an example.
Impressive amount of poisonous aromatic nitro compounds are discharged into the
environment each year, which destroys the ecological balance of nature and
threatens human life directly or indirectly. According to reports, the danger of
aromatic nitro compounds from military bases or disused plants of explosive pro-
duction has impacted a large crowd and initiated the study boom of bioremediation.
In general, nitro aromatic hydrocarbons coexist and impact with each other, which
brings joint toxicity. The synergistic effect of joint toxicity increases the damage
ability. All extra study concludes that nitro group plays an important role for being
toxic and the in vivo reduction of nitro group is the main poisonous reaction. But
further study continues now to make sure the toxicity from single electron reduction
of nitro group, reaction of free radicals or other toxic reactions.
2.5.2 Toxicity from Explosions of Liquid Explosives
Liquid explosives are compounds, which have different oxygen, nitrogen, and
carbon atom ratios. The detonation products have complex chemical ingredients,
inorganic materials and organic products. Sample collection and data analysis of
explosion products are different from that of air. The speci
c composition analysis
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