Glossary - Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics in the Human Respiratory System - page 341

Wall function Analytical equations or functions that connect the free stream

flow to the near wall (see Sect. 5.3.5)

Isotropic turbulence Where the turbulent fluctuations (u, v, w) are equal

CAD Computer Aided Design

CAE Computer Aided Engineering

DES Detached Eddy Simulation—a type of turbulence model

based on the LES model

DNS Direct Numerical Simulation—the most sophisticated and

complete method to handle turbulent flow

FEM Finite Element Method—a computational approach to solve

sets of mathematical equations

FSI Fluid Structure Interaction—computational modelling ap-

proach that deals with both fluids and structural physics

FVM Finite Volume Method—a computational approach to solve

sets of mathematical equations

GUI Graphical User Interface

IGES Initial Graphics Exchange Specification—a type of image

format file

LES Large Eddy Simulation—an advanced type of turbulence

model

PDF Probability Density Function—a statistical method to repre-

sent large data sets

RANS Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes

RNG ReNormalization Group—a version of the k-epsilon turbu-

lence model

RSM Reynolds Stress Model

URANS Unsteady Reynolds Navier-Stokes

VOF Volume of Fluid—a simulation technique that allows visual-

isation of interfaces in multiphase flows

B.2 Biomedicine Terminology

Adenoids Pharyngeal tonsils

Aerobic Requiring oxygen

Alveolar ventilation The volume of gas per unit time that reaches the alveoli,

rate calculated by (tidal volume—dead space) * breaths per min

Alveolus Microscopic air scas of the luns

Anterior Front side (Latin ante : before)

Anteroposterior The axis or direction that runs from the head or front end to

the opposite tail or back end of a body

Apnea Suspension of breathing

Atmospheric The externalsurrounding force that exerts onto a surface

pressure