The Human Respiratory System - Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics in the Human Respiratory System - page 20

Fig. 2.1 Schematic of the respiratory system displayed by the upper and lower respiratory tract
region

place. Anatomically, the respiratory system can be divided into the upper and lower
respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract includes the organs located outside of the
chest cavity (thorax) area (i.e. nose, pharynx, larynx), whereas the lower respiratory
tract includes the organs located almost entirely within it (i.e. trachea, bronchi,
bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveoli). In the next section, the individual respiratory
organs are discussed.

2.2 Nose and Nasal Cavity

2.2.1 Anatomy of the Nose and Nasal Cavity

The human nose differs in its anatomy and morphology between different racial and
ethnic groups. Therefore, the following anatomical description is a generalisation
and inter-racial variations exist. For completeness, structures that have synonyms
are followed by their alternate names in parentheses and italicised. Structurally the
nose can be divided into the external portion which is in fact termed as the nose and
the internal portions being the nasal cavities ( nasal fossae; cavum nasi ). The nose is
the only visible part of the respiratory system, protruding from the face, and lying