Advanced Topics and Future Trends - Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics in the Human Respiratory System - page 321

Fig. 9.6 FSI geometry of an upper airway model with reconstructed soft palate

oscillations in collapsible tubes, focusing primarily on studies of an idealized model
system, vocal-fold oscillations during phonation, closure and reopening of pul-
monary airways, and also flows involving the airways' liquid lining. Other FSI
applications include flow induced alveolar deformation (Dailey and Ghadiali 2007);
the response of a stenotic trachea after a stent implantation (Malve et al. 2011).

9.3 Advanced Particle Modelling

9.3.1 Particle Breakup for Drug Delivery

Nasal spray, metered dose inhaler, and dry powder inhaler devices produce atomized
particles at high speeds from an orifice. The particles enter the respiratory airways
via the nasal or oral route. Oral drug delivery has been used primarily for therapeutic
treatment of the pulmonary organs, while the nasal route has been used for treating
common airway congestion problems. However the nasal route also provides a great
opportunity when considering new drug formulations, such as nicotine to assist
in smoking cessation, calcium for osteoporosis, or insulin for diabetes. Therefore
studies of local particle deposition are of great significance in the delivery of drugs
via the nasal airway.