Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics (CFPD): An Introduction - Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics in the Human Respiratory System - page 5

Fig. 1.3 The atomization of a spray using. a the volume-of-fluid model for the near nozzle spray
breakup. b The discrete phase model for tracking individual particles as primary atomization
(secondary break-up). c Application of CFPD for nasal spray drug delivery
often expected to use it. This has led many engineering and science undergraduate
courses to include CFD as part of their curriculum. Fortunately, the increase in the
number of available CFD software in the market has been reflected by the same rapid
development in interest and technology.
The authors believe that new users who take a hands-on approach to CFPD will
progress rapidly in understanding fluid-particle dynamics, especially through the
visualisation tools which work extremely well in conjunction with experimental
labs. In addition, the use of CFPD modelling opens up new teaching methods (virtual
surgery, 3D animation), and classes of problems such as human anatomy studies and
the physiology of inhalation and respiration. Research has shown that the use of
computational simulations increases learning efficiency and understanding (Kirk-
patrick and Willson 1998; Wankat 2002) and provides an effective method for novel
hands-on learning in combined physical and computational laboratories (Regan and
Sheppard 1996).
Furthermore computational models can provide new training methods for med-
ical students by virtual surgery, or virtual anatomy. Hands-on training for surgical
procedures has obvious obstacles that can impede on learning. Virtual anatomy can
contribute towards this learning by providing the three-dimensional models of the