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(a)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
Time (h)
(b)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
y
=
2.8268x−3.4727
R
2
=
0.9689
y
=
2.024x−31.6625
R
2
=
0.9897
01 234 567
√t (h
1/2
)
(c)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
y
=
1.2605x−0.9242
R
2
=
0.9503
y
=
1.2374x−0.5553
R
2
=
0.9743
0
1234 567
√t (h
1/2
)
Figure 8.11
(a) Na - DFC release to water from the H
II
mesophase containing: no
CPP (
), RALA (
), NONA (
), and PEN (
). Na-DFC release vs. the square root of
time from (b) the “blank” (no CPP), (
) and PEN (
) systems and (c) RALA (
) and
NONA (
) systems (Cohen - Avrahami et al., 2011 ).
Δ
drug diffusion rate by decreasing its mobility through the mesophase by any
specifi c molecular interfacial interactions.
Nevertheless, the emptying experiments showed that the main enhancing
effect of the CPPs on skin penetration does not take place in the step of drug
migration out of the mesophase. Apparently, it is due to the enhanced perme-
ation capability of the skin membrane and via any kinetic diffusion-controlled
process. It should be stressed that RALA and NONA, which populate the
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