Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Spodosol
Oi
0 - 2.5 cm; undecomposed forest litter.
A
0 - 2.5 cm; black (7.5YR 2.5/1) sand, weak fine granular structure.
E
2.5 - 10 cm; brown (7.5YR 5/2) sand, weak fine granular structure.
Bhs
10 - 15 cm; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) sand, weak fine granular
structure.
Bs1
15 - 53 cm; dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) sand, weak fine granular
structure.
Bs2
53 - 89 cm; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) sand; weak fine granular
structure.
BC
89 - 127 cm; yellow brown (10YR 5/6) sand; weak fine granular
structure.
C
127 - 203 cm; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sand, single grain.
Figure 1.4.
An example of a Spodosol; this is the Kalkaska soil series, which is the state soil of
Michigan (single-grain structure in horizon C means that all the sand particles act independently
of each other) (from Ref. 2).
structure versus soils with poor or weak structure. As water moves into soil, it
displaces air, and as it moves out, air replaces it. Thus soil with poor or slow
infiltration and percolation will generally have lower oxygen content. This
directly affects soil aeration and thus its oxidation-reduction status.
