Socio-Cognitive Model of Trust: Basic Ingredients - Trust Theory: A Socio-Cognitive and Computational Model - page 71

Prediction

Surprise

Failure

Goal

Frustration

Failure

Expectation
(in Decision to Trust)

Disappointment

Failure

Genuine Trust

Betrayal

Failure

Figure 2.9 Potential Effects for the Failure of the Different Trust Elements

In sum, Y - after and because of X 's trust (attitude + act) in him - can harm X in several ways:

By frustrating X 's goal ( g X )forwhich X relies on him. This also implies frustrating X 's
expectations and hope: that is disappointing X . And this will impact on X 's self-esteem (as
evaluator and/or decision maker).
Y can also damage X 's general attitude and feeling towards the world; and so on (Miceli and
Castelfranchi, 1997).
Moreover, X may, not only, be surprised , frustrated , disappointed ,but X can feel resentment
(and even indignation) for moral violations, for being betrayed (see Figure 2.9).
By frustrating other goals of X that she did not protect and defend from Y 's possible attack,
being relaxed and non-diffident. This will imply analogous consequent frustrations.

It was necessary to immediately mention uncertainty and risk, in connection with the
notions of reliance and expectations. However, we will deeply develop these issues (Chapter
3), after introducing the degree of certainty of beliefs, and the degree of trust in decision-
making.

2.9 Trust and Delegation
What Delegation Is

As we said, in Delegation the delegating agent (X) needs or likes an action of the delegated
agent (Y) and includes it in her own plan: X relies, counts on Y. X plans to achieve g X through
Y. So, she is formulating in her mind not a single-agent but a multi-agent plan and Y has
an allocated share in this plan: Y's delegated task is either a state-goal or an action-goal
(Castelfranchi, 1998) (see Figure 2.10).
To do this X has some trust both in Y 's ability and in Y 's predictability, and X should abstain
from doing and from delegating to others the same task (Castelfranchi and Falcone, 1997).
We have classified delegation in three main categories: weak , mild and strong delegation .

(i) In weak delegation there is no influence from X to Y , no agreement: generally, Y is not
aware of the fact that X is exploiting his action.