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volume). For example there are effects, feedbacks of the decision to delegate on its own pre-
condition of trusting
Y
. Analogously the decision to put control can affect
Y
's trustwortiness
and thus the strict-trust whose level makes control necessary! Thus the schema: 'trust plus
control' is rather simplistic, static, a-dialectic; since the presence of control can modify and
affect the other parameters. As we wrote, there are indeed two kinds and functions of control:
let us analyze these more deeply.
7.1.7 Two Kinds of Control
10
(A)
Pushing or influencing control:
preventing violations or mistakes
The first kind or function of control is aimed at operating on the 'trust in
Y
' and more
precisely at increasing it by increasing
Y
's (perceived) trustworthiness. It is aimed in fact
at reducing the probability of
Y
's defaillance, slips, mistakes, deviations or violation; i.e.,
at preventing and avoiding them. Behind this kind of surveillance there is at least one of
the following beliefs:
i) if
Y
is (knows to be) surveilled his performance will be better because either he will put
more attention, or more effort, or more care, etc. in the execution of the delegated task;
in other words,
he will do the task better
(there will be an influence on
Y
's ability); or
ii) if
Y
is (knows to be) surveilled he will be more reliable, more faithful to his com-
mitment, less prone to violation; in other words,
he probably will have a stronger
intention to do the task
(there will be an influence on
Y
's willingness).
Since
X
believes this, by deciding to control
Y
(and letting
Y
know about this) she increases
her own evaluation/expectation (i.e., her trust) of
Y
's willingness, persistence, and quality of
work. As we can see in Figure 7.6, one of the control results is just to change the core trust of
X
on
Y
about
.
More formally we can write:
τ
Bel
Y
(
Control
(
XY
τ
))
⊃
Trustworthiness
(
Y
τ
)
(7.5a)
where
Control(X Y
τ
)
measures the level of control by
X
on
Y
about the task
τ
. While
)
measures the corresponding
Y
's variation of trustworthiness. In other
words, if
Y
believes that
X
controls him about
Trustworthiness(Y
τ
a set of
Y
's attitudes will be introduced
(consciously or unconsciously) by
Y
himself during his performance of
τ
τ
.
In addition, if:
Bel
X
(
Bel
Y
(
Control
(
XY
τ
))
⊃
Trustworthiness
(
Y
τ
))
(7.5b)
then
DoT
∗
XY
τ
including the knowledge of the control
presence) might be different from the
DoT
XY
τ
(the one without (
X
's believed) control).
In other words, these additional attitudes can change
Y
's attention, effort, care, reliability,
correctness, etc. and consequently produce a positive, negative, but also null contribution to
X
's degree of trust in
Y
about
(the
X
's degree of trust in
Y
about
τ
τ
(depending from the expectation of
X
).
10
As we said, there is a third form of control (or better of monitoring) merely aimed at
Y's
evaluation. If this mere
monitoring (possibly hidden to
Y
) is for a future adjustment off-line (for changing or revocating the delegation next
time) this form of control becomes of the second (B) class: control for adjustment, for correction.
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