Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 12
Marine Biogeochemistry
Walker O. Smith Jr., Eileen E. Hofmann, and Anna Mosby
Glossary
Autotrophic
Organisms whose mode of nutrition is photosynthesis.
Biogeochemistry
The biological and chemical processes that transform and cycle
elements over various time and space scales and that determine
the composition of the environment.
Biological pump
The biological processes and transformations that move carbon
from the surface to depth.
Cyanobacteria
Prokaryotic phytoplankton.
Diatom
Phytoplankton which are encased in frustule consisting of
silica.
Euphotic zone
The surface layer of the ocean where most primary production
occurs, generally considered to be the depth to which 1% of
surface radiation penetrates.
Heterotrophic
Organisms who require reduced organic carbon as an energy
and carbon source.
Nutrient
Element that is required for biological activity and growth.
Oxidation
Chemical reaction in which reactant
loses electrons; half-
reaction paired with reduction.
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