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the appropriate design of choice tests in the laboratory and define the experi-
mental methods that will distinguish “apparent choice” from “true choice”, in
which the true-choice behavior has to meet three criteria: exploitation of the
resource is nonrandom, the chooser makes the same choice even in the absence
of a differential response by the resource, and all resources are responded to,
even in the absence of choice. Another issue to be resolved is how often gene
function is conserved in behavior ( Reaume and Sokolowski 2011 ). Clearly, the
appropriate design and analysis of insect behavior remains a challenge.
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