Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER 7
DNA Sequencing and the Evolution of
the “-Omics”
Chapter Outline
7.1 Overview 252
7.2 Introduction 253
7.3
The Dideoxy or Chain-Termination (Sanger) Method
255
7.4
The Maxam and Gilbert Sequencing Method
261
7.5
Shotgun Strategies for Genomes
262
7.6
Sequencing DNA by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
263
7.7
Automated Sanger Sequencers 264
7.7.1 Decreasing Costs of Sanger Sequencing
264
7.8 Analyzing DNA Sequence Data 265
7.9 DNA-Sequence Data Banks 267
7.10 A Brief History of the
Drosophila
Genome Project
268
7.10.1 The Original
Drosophila
Genome Project
269
7.10.2 The Actual
Drosophila
Genome Project
269
7.10.3
Drosophila
Genome Analysis 270
7.10.4 Surprises in the
Drosophila
Genome 271
7.11 Next-Generation Sequencing Methods and Beyond 272
7.11.1 Next-Generation (NextGen or Second-Generation) Sequencing
272
7.11.1.1 Roche (454) GS FLX Sequencer 273
7.11.1.2 Illumina (or Solexa) Genome Analyzer
274
7.11.1.3 Applied Biosystems SOLiD Sequencer
275
7.11.1.4 Standards 275
7.11.2 Third-Generation Sequencing
276
7.12 Bioinformatics 277
7.12.1 Gene Ontology 279
7.13 Genome Analyses of Other Arthropods 279
7.13.1 Interesting Findings from Completed Genomes 281
7.13.2 What Do You Need to Do to Sequence Your Favorite Insect's
Genome? 285
7.14 Transposable Elements (TEs) as Agents of Genome Evolution
287
7.15 Transcriptomics 288
7.15.1 Tiling Microarrays
290
