Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER 1
DNA, Gene Structure, and DNA
Replication
Chapter Outline
1.1 Overview 3
1.2 DNA is the Hereditary Material: A Brief History
4
1.3 The Central Dogma 6
1.4 The “RNA World” Came First?
8
1.5 The Molecular Structure of DNA
8
1.6 The Molecular Structure of RNA
11
1.7 The Double Helix 13
1.8 Complementary Base Pairing is Fundamental
14
1.9 DNA Exists in Several Forms
14
1.10 Genes 16
1.11 The Genetic Code for Protein-Coding Genes is a Triplet and is Degenerate
16
1.12 Gene Organization 18
1.13 Efficient DNA Replication is Essential 21
1.14 DNA Replication is Semiconservative 21
1.15 Replication Begins at Replication Origins 21
1.16 DNA Replication Occurs Only in the 5
′
to 3
′
Direction
22
1.17 Replication of DNA Requires an RNA Primer
23
1.18 Ligation of Replicated DNA Fragments 23
1.19 DNA Replication during Mitosis in Eukaryotes 25
1.20 Telomeres at the End: A Solution to the Loss of DNA during Replication
28
1.21 DNA Replication Fidelity and DNA Repair
28
1.22 Mutations in the Genome 29
1.23 Common Genetic Terminology 32
1.24 Independent Assortment and Recombination during Sexual Reproduction
33
General References
33
References Cited
34
1.1 Overview
Arthropod genes are made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and are located
in chromosomes that consist of proteins, RNA, and DNA. DNA is a polymer
of nucleotides (nt). Each nucleotide consists of a pentose sugar, one of four
