Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
for rehabilitation which con
tor [13] [14]. In this case, b
commands. Some projects p
expressions recognition is u
presented VAHM, a user ad
Satoh and Sakaue [18] p
detects both the potential h
tures of a user, using a ster
omni-directional color imag
2008 John Spletzer studied
an IW system [19] and in 2
ultrasound, and vision senso
wheelchair in a known env
developments in the last fe
ing "thoughts". This type
waves of the brain [21-23]
be associated with the users
nsists of a motorized wheelchair and a MANUS manipu
oth the vehicle and the manipulator are controlled by vo
present solutions for quadriplegic individuals, where fa
used to control the wheelchair [4] [15] [16]. In 2002, Pru
dapted intelligent wheelchair [17].
resented an omni-directional stereo vision-based IW wh
hazards in a moving environment and the postures and g
reo omni-directional system, which is capable of acquir
ge sequences and range data simultaneously in real time
the performance of LIDAR based localization for dock
2009 Horn and Kreutner [20] showed how the odomet
ors are used in a complementary way in order to locate
vironment. In fact, the research on IW has suffered a lo
ew years. Some IW prototypes may be even controlled
of technology uses sensors that pick up electromagn
and are able to detect patterns on the brain waves that m
s' desired commands.
ula-
oice
acial
uski
hich
ges-
ring
e. In
king
tric,
the
ot of
us-
netic
may
2.2
IntellWheels Projec
ct
This section presents a bri
being developed at the Univ
of Aveiro, University of Mi
IntellWheels Project is to d
ly adapted to any commer
needs. Initially, an evaluati
was carried out and a first
first prototype was focused
face with the motorized wh
sensors. Several different m
ways of conveying comm
control with USB, voice co
facial expressions recogniti
IntellWheels IW.
ief overview of the Intelligent Wheelchair project tha
versity of Porto in collaboration with INESC-P, Univer
inho, IPP and APPC in Portugal. The main objective of
develop an intelligent wheelchair platform that may be e
cial wheelchair and aid any person with special mobi
ion of distinct motorized commercial wheelchair platfor
prototype was developed in order to test the concept. T
d on the development of the modules that provide the in
heelchair electronics using a portable computer and ot
modules have been developed in order to allow differ
mands to the IW. These include, for example, joyst
ommands, control with head movements and gestures,
ion. Fig. 1 shows the input devices already available in
at is
rsity
f the
asi-
ility
rms
The
nter-
ther
rent
tick
and
the
Fig. 1.
Joystick, headset with
Interface [24]
microphone, Nintendo Wii Remote and Emotiv Brain Comp
puter
