Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
10
6
10
5
10
4
10
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2
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1
10
0
10
-1
10
-1
10
0
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1
10
2
10
3
10
4
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5
10
6
Recorded loss (mil. $)
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0
10
-2
10
-4
10
-6
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-10
10
-12
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
MMI
31.3
Recorded and estimated economic losses (shown in top portion)
for historical earthquakes obtained using loss ratio functions (shown
in bottom) derived for Turkey (
θ
=
9.46,
β
=
0.1,
α
=
11.93).
Turkey, the estimated parameters are
θ
=
9.46,
β
=
0.1 with normalized
standard deviation
1.3 as shown in Fig. 31.3. The economic loss ratio
function estimated $11.46 billion USD of total economic loss for the 1999
Izmit Turkey earthquake (
ξ
=
+
symbol at far right).
31.4.2 Semi-empirical model
Increasing urbanization of the world's population in earthquake-prone
regions has resulted in a signifi cant increase in the earthquake risk.
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