Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
divided into cells of 1 km
1 km, and different numbers of buildings were
assigned, more or less randomly, to every cell. The total number of buildings
in the area was 5478. An earthquake of magnitude 7.0, which located near
the area, was considered and peak ground acceleration, together with the
building-specifi c fragility curves, was used to evaluate ground shaking-
induced structural damage. Details of the model and procedure may be
found in Sokolov and Wenzel (2011a).
×
All the variability is between earthquakes
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
Standard deviation
s
0.3
1
Standard deviation
s
0.5
0.8
0.6
0
200
400
600
800 1000
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
0.4
0.2
s
= 0.3
s
= 0.5
0
0
200
400
Loss, Mln$
600
800 1000
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Loss, Mln$
0.03
All the variability is within earthquakes
1
0.02
Standard deviation
s
0.3
0.01
0.8
0
s
= 0.3
s
= 0.5
0
200
300
400
0.6
0.012
Standard
deviation
s
0.5
0.4
0.008
0.2
0.004
0
0
100
0
200
300
400
200
300
400
Loss, Mln$
Loss, Mln$
3.3
Characteristics of loss distribution (Probability Distribution
Functions, PDF, and Cumulative Probability Functions, CPF) for the
extreme cases of ground motion correlation estimated using 10 000
simulations, single earthquake (Sokolov and Wenzel, 2011a).
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