Seismic risk assessment of water supply systems - Seismic Risk Analysis and Management of Civil Infrastructure Systems - page 651

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Seismic risk assessment of water
supply systems
Y. WA N G, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
DOI : 10.1533/9780857098986.4.659
Abstract : Water supply is vital to the function of an industrialized society
and important to emergency response and recovery after earthquakes.
Water supply systems and other civil infrastructure systems are
intricately linked with the economic well-being, security, and social fabric
of communities. This chapter deals with seismic risk assessment of water
supply systems. A general framework for evaluating seismic risk of
water supply systems is presented. The framework contains fi ve steps
and includes seismic hazard characterizations, system property
characterizations, component response evaluation, system response
evaluation, and consequence assessment. The assessment makes use of
probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, theoretical and empirical models to
estimate pipeline response, hydraulic analysis for heavily damaged water
systems, and multi-scale simulations of complex water systems. Each of
these steps is described separately, and the water supply system in Los
Angeles, one of the largest water supply systems in the world, is used to
illustrate these assessment steps. In addition, sources of further
information and future trends are briefl y commented.
Key words : earthquake, GIRAFFE, Los Angeles water supply system,
risk curves, Monte Carlo simulations.
24.1 Introduction
A water supply system delivers water from sources to customers, and pro-
vides services vital to the function of an industrialized society and important
to emergency response and recovery after disastrous events (e.g., earth-
quakes). Taken individually, or in aggregate with other lifeline systems (e.g.,
electric power, natural gas and liquid fuels, telecommunications, transporta-
tion, and waste disposal), water supply systems are intricately linked with
the economic well-being, security, and social fabric of the communities.
Signifi cant advances in seismic risk assessment of water supply systems, or
more broadly lifeline systems, have occurred in the last two decades (e.g.,
O'Rourke et al. 2004a). Early studies were focused on component behavior
and simple system models (e.g., Hwang et al. 1998; O'Rourke and Liu 1999;
Li and He 2002). As more advanced experimental and computational mod-
eling was developed, network simulations were explored to assess system
reliability (e.g., Wang and O'Rourke 2008; Wang et al. 2010). Most recently,
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