Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
g
(
t
)
g
(
t
)
Δ
G
g
(
t
)
g
(
T
p
)
g
0
g
0
Δ
t
t
t
t
T
0
T
p
T
p
T
p
+
t
Δ
T
0
T
D
(a) Profile in the life-cycle period
(b) Quake occurrence
(c) Restoration process
23.14
Schematic profi le of water serviceability in the life-cycle stage
and malfunction during the restoration process after an earthquake.
(1)
One day
after the
quake
(2)
Recovered
main lines
(3)
Supply by
temporary lines
(4)
Complete
recovery
1
T
4
0.8
T
3
0.6
0.4
T
2
0.2
T
1
0
0
10
20
30
Days
23.15
Schematic profi le of the restoration process after an earthquake.
undamaged areas only; such undamaged areas can be identifi ed by a site
survey of damage points along all the pipelines. The time point
T
2
is when
the transmission mains have recovered. The time point
T
3
is when tempo-
rary pipelines have been installed for emergency use in the damaged areas.
T
4
is the completion time when all the damaged pipelines have been
restored. During the time interval from the earthquake occurrence to the
time point
T
1
, a water company collects the damage information of the
distribution networks as well as the control facilities. The head offi ce sets
up the emergency headquarter immediately after the earthquake, and they
will classify the damaged and undamaged networks to control the water
supply. In this stage, leakage cannot be stopped from damaged pipelines.
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