Civil Engineering Reference
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Seismic load conditions
T
G
,
L
,
S
V
(1)
Structural design
D
,
l
d
,
(2)
Δ
joint
,
q
cr
2
U
h
=
S
V
(T
G
)T
G
L
′
=
2
L
2
π
(3)
2
π
1
2
q
G
=
V
G
,
V
G
=
U
h
L
′
Joint type?
Unrestrained joint
Restrained joint
[
]
⎛
2
π
l
d
L
⎞
Δq
=
q
G
1 - cos
⎝
⎠
(4)
′
(10)
(8)
(5)
No
s
cr
revised
q
cr
revised
D
joint
revised
q
cr
>
Δq
(9)
Yes
Non-linear
structural analysis
[
]
⎛
2
π
l
d
L
⎞
Δ
u
G
=
U
h
1 - cos
⎝
⎠
(6)
′
Seismic stress of pipe
s
2
L
′
~
Δ
u
=
la
1
Δ
u
G
+ additional load displacements
(7)
No
No
Δ
joint
>
Δ
u
s
cr
>
s
2
L
′
Yes
Yes
End
23.5
Flow chart of a seismic design procedure (JWWA, 1997).
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