Civil Engineering Reference
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Span moment demand
Span moment capacity
Support moment demand
Support moment capacity
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.0001
0.1
1
10
Type 2-EDP
20.13
Structural demand hazard curves at Stage 2 for an example
near fault site for Type 2-EDPs.
of scalar or vector-valued PSDMs to build structural demand hazard curves,
and performance objectives were discussed in the previous sections. Even
though numerous studies focusing on the vital parts of the problem in the
last decade brought in major improvement, there is still signifi cant need for
research efforts, especially on the PSHA procedure and its applications.
Standardized procedures for estimating the annual rate of exceeding the
specifi c levels of ground motion IMs are crucial in the implementation of
the PBEE methodology. PSHA and its main components (seismic source
characterization models and ground motion prediction models) are rapidly
evolving with the increasing number of special projects (e.g. nuclear power
plants, bridges and high-rise structures). However, for many faults around
the world, critical seismic source parameters, such as fault geometry, mean
characteristic earthquake, slip rate, reoccurrence intervals, time since the
most recent large earthquake, etc., are either unknown or poorly con-
strained by existing seismological data. The current practice of using areal
sources to overcome the obstacle of the unknown source characteristics
introduces signifi cant uncertainty to seismic hazard calculations in many
regions; therefore, studies on developing improved seismic source models
should be encouraged.
On the other hand, uncertainty introduced by ground motion prediction
models is considerably higher than any other parameter models included
in the hazard integral. New and improved GMPEs in terms of additional
prediction parameters (depth of the source, basin effects, site-dependent
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