Assessing the seismic vulnerability of masonry buildings - Seismic Risk Analysis and Management of Civil Infrastructure Systems - page 349

SL damage limitation out-of-plane

1

0.9

0.8

Nocera Umbra
L

0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1

Aquila
Serravalle

′

0

0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Displacement (cm)

(c)

SL significant damage out-of-plane

1

0.9

0.8

Nocera Umbra
L 0.7

0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1

Aquila
Serravalle

′

0

0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Displacement (cm)

(d)

13.7 Continued.

among samples can be related directly to geometric differences at the level
of the façade and the masonry fabric. Hence, curves on the right of the
diagrams are less vulnerable in the case of DL or have lesser ductility in
the case of SD. However, the distribution does not seem to be consistent
across the three mechanism classes. Figure 13.8 shows the fragility functions
of ultimate conditions as identifi ed in terms of near collapse displacement
and ultimate lateral capacity for the three failure mechanisms separately. It
can be seen that while there is little difference among the three locations
for the out-of-plane behaviour, both in-plane and combined behaviour
show high variability. In particular the higher deformability of Serravalle
for the in-plane behaviour is related to a high proportion in this case of