Assessing and managing the risk of earthquake-induced liquefaction to civil infrastructure - Seismic Risk Analysis and Management of Civil Infrastructure Systems - page 128

(a)
(b)
5.8 Floatation of underground structures: (a) damage to footpath
paving in Izmit Turkey due to fl oatation of utility pipes following
liquefaction during Kocaeli earthquake of August 1999 and (b) damage
to paved area and utilities in vicinity of petrol station due to fl oatation
of below ground tanks following liquefaction during Christchurch,
New Zealand, earthquake of February 2011 (courtesy EEFIT, UK).