Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Inputs
Processes
Outputs
Assess whether liquefaction
risk assessment is required
Earthquake hazard
values and probabilities
of occurrence
Step 1
- Calculate the
likelihood of
liquefaction occurrence
Probability of
liquefaction
Zones of liquefaction
deined in terms of
thickness of liqueiable
material
Step 2
- Deine scenarios
of the probable extent of
liquefaction
Geotechnical data
Step 3
- Assess the likely
modes of permanent
ground deformation (PGD)
Probability of settlement,
low failure or lateral
spread
Geography/geometry of
site and region
Step 4
- Classify the
expected response of the
civil infrastructure system
to the expected PGD
Vulnerability of
infrastructure with no
mitigation of liquefaction
hazard
Layout and masterplan
Performance requirements
and risk tolerance
Project risk management
strategy
Step 5
- Evaluate the
acceptability of
the assessed risk
Decision - mitigate or
accept risk
Mitigate risk, e.g. through
design, treatment,
redundancy
A design which has
evaluated and acceptable
risk related to liquefaction
5.2
Outline framework for a risk-based approach to designing a civil
infrastructure system to resist liquefaction.
Fig. 5.2 shows the key steps involved in assessing liquefaction risk, which
are discussed in further detail in the following sections. To fully defi ne the
risk, detailed assessments of liquefaction potential, which make up the main
body of knowledge in this area (e.g. Idriss & Boulanger, 2008), are in fact
only one component of the overall framework, and the consequences of
liquefaction require a similar level of understanding. There is a far smaller
body of work with regard to the consequences of liquefaction, and this
chapter provides guidance to inform the reader how to proceed with their
risk management and also identifi es aspects where researchers could make
valuable contributions to fi ll gaps in the methodology in the future.
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