Glossary - Chemistry - page 318

Cation: A positive ion.
Change-of-phase operation: A
physical change that takes place
as a substance changes phase or
state. (Examples include
melting and evaporation.)
Change-of-state operation: See
Change-of-Phase Operation.
Charles's Law: States that the
volume of an ideal gas at
constant pressure varies directly
with its Kelvin temperature.
Chemical change: A change that
results in the production of a
new substance. (An example
would be the rusting of iron to
produce iron oxide.)
Chemical energy: Energy “stored”
within a substance, due to its
bonding states.
Chemical equation: A group of
chemical formulas and numbers
that can be used to represent a
chemical reaction.
Chemical property: A property of
a substance that pertains to how
it reacts chemically.
Combustion reaction: A chemical
reaction in which a hydrocarbon
reacts with oxygen to produce
carbon dioxide and water.
Compound: A substance made
from two or more elements
chemically combined.

Concentration: The “strength” of a
solution, in terms of the relative
number of “parts” of solvent to
solute.
Condensation: The process by
which a vapor becomes a liquid.
Coordinate covalent bond: A bond
formed when both electrons
that become a shared pair of
electrons between two atoms
are provided by only one of the
atoms.
Covalent bond: A bond that results
from electrons being shared
between two atoms.
Dalton's Law: States that the total
pressure exerted by a mixture of
gases is equal to the sum of all
of the partial pressures exerted
by the gases in the mixture.
Decomposition reaction: A
chemical reaction in which a
complex substance breaks up
into two or more simpler
substances.
Density: A measure of the amount
of matter in a given unit of
volume. Density is often
measured in g/cm 3 , but any unit
of mass over any unit of volume
will do.
Deposition: The process by which a
vapor becomes a solid.
Diatomic: A two-atom form.